Python flavor of regular expressions - related to which?

Question

So my copy of the classic book, Mastering Regular Expressions, just arrived, and I'm scanning through it. The cover (third edition) says, "for Perl, PHP, Java, .NET, Ruby, and More!" Well, it does have a full chapter for each of Perl, PHP, Java, and .NET - but no chapter on Ruby, or, more importantly to me, on Python.

Although the index lists a few points of Python's differences (such as how it handles newlines), there's not even a table of them, much less an entire chapter.

Which of the four covered languages, is Python's regex engine most similar to? More importantly, how similar, and what are the major differences?

Note - I don't mean how regexes are used in Python (versus, say Perl) - I know and use the re module. I'm only interested in the syntax differences of the actual regexes.

Answer 1

This site has a table comparing regex features for a wide range of languages and platforms (make sure to scroll to the bottom). There's also a page specific to Python, with more info about the re module (though, for a more complete regex library in Python, you should also look at the newer regex module).

Answer 2

Definitely check out the re module in Python. It might be (soon be?) outdated, but it's a great starting point for using regex in Python.

In my opinion, if you really want to get a handle on regular expressions, learn some Perl syntax. Regex is one of Perl's killer features, since regex is handled natively. They go hand in hand. Regex syntax is more or less the same across languages, particularly the basics like wildcards, anchors, special characters and substitution. Trust me when I say you can get pretty far on those fundamentals, but the more one knows, the better.

One of the main differences between Perl regex and the re module is that Python's approach is more object-oriented. Where in Perl you might do something procedural like this

if ($line =~ m/^Forty-two is the answer to [life|universe|everything]/)
{
   print "Don't Panic"
}

In Python you work with re objects. Something like this:

m = re.compile("^Forty-two is the answer to [life|universe|everything]")
if m.match(line): 
    print "Dont Panic"

The object oriented approach and the non-nativity are a bit tough to get used to if you've worked extensively with Perl's regex syntax but I find that after getting used to it, Python does a really good job with regular expressions.