What is the exact syntax of inline?

Question

CASE 1 (Definition and declaration in same source file)

Suppose both my prototype and definition of global function is in .cpp file. Where should I write inline keyword to make compiler know?

1. In the prototype
2. In the definition
3. Both

CASE 2 (Definition and declaration in same header file)

If I have declared prototypes in .h file I want to make that function inline in more than one .cpp file using it, then should I define the function (to be inlined) in that .h file and include it to individual .cpp files? If yes, then in this case where inline keyword should be used?

CASE 3 (Definition in Header file and declaration in Source file)

If the prototype is in a header file, definition in a source file (in which other functions use the inline function), where must the inline keyword be used?

1. In the declaration in header file
2. In the definition in source file
3. In both

Answer 1

You asked about the syntax of the inline keyword:

Case 1

There's only one definition here, so no possible ODR violation, and no need for inline at all.

Case 2

Just write the prototype and definition in your header file as

inline int foo() { return 42; }

or whatever

Case 3

Like case 1, it isn't clear why you think this function is inline in the first place. Don't use the keyword, there is no risk of ODR violation here.

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I now suspect you meant to ask how to force the compiler to generate inlined calls to your global function.

The inline keyword does not force the compiler to do this. It was only ever a hint, and now its only deterministic effect is on the ODR (one definition rule).

The general answer is to turn up the optimization level and, if your compiler doesn't support cross-module inlining, to make the function body visible in-line. The compiler may still decide not to inline the function call even if it's visible, but the optimizer will have the option.

Answer 2

inline is NOT part of the interface, and client users do not care if a function is inline or not. Basically you can place a inline key word both in the declaration and definition. But it is preferred to place it in the implementation that is in the definition.

So, the rest 3 cases is trivial. You can choose anyone you like. But with the keyword in definition is my prefer.