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I have looked at other questions about this and the general consensus seems to be that ## is used for commenting out code. However, in the Interactive Editor for Python, prefixing a line with ## appears to make a sort of section header for the code. Why is this?

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In Python's syntax, a hash indicates the start of a comment, and all subsequent characters on the line are ignored. To quote the language reference:

A comment starts with a hash character (#) that is not part of a string literal, and ends at the end of the physical line. A comment signifies the end of the logical line unless the implicit line joining rules are invoked. Comments are ignored by the syntax; they are not tokens.

The second hash therefore has no syntactic meaning in Python itself.

However, assuming you mean this specific "Interactive Editor for Python", one of its features is:

Matlab-style cell notation to mark code sections (by starting a line with ##).

Because the comments are not meaningful syntax, tools are free to interpret and use them how they like. Another example of this is pylint, which allows specially-formatted comments (# pylint: disable=message-name) to deactivate specific messages.

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