Why do programmers write closed source applications and then make them free? [closed]

Question

As an entrepreneur/programmer who makes a good living from writing and selling software, I'm dumbfounded as to why developers write applications and then put them up on the Internet for free. You've found yourself in one of the most lucrative fields in the world. A business with 99% profit margin, where you have no physical product but can name your price; a business where you can ship a buggy product and the customer will still buy it.

Occasionally some of our software will get a free competitor, and I think, this guy is crazy. He could be making a good living off of this but instead chose to make it free.

• Do you not like giant piles of money?
• Are you not confident that people would pay for it?
• Are you afraid of having to support it?

It's bad for the business of programming because now customers expect to be able to find a free solution to every problem. (I see tweets like "is there any good FREE software for XYZ? or do I need to pay $20 for that".) It's also bad for customers because the free solutions eventually break (because of a new OS or what have you) and since it's free, the developer has no reason to fix it. Customers end up with free but stale software that no longer works and never gets updated. Customer cries. Developer still working day job cries in their cubicle. What gives?

PS: I'm not looking to start an open-source/software should be free kind of debate. I'm talking about when developers make a closed source application and make it free.

Answer 1

Problem: You're using both meanings of the word "free" at once, which is confusing. Free Software (capital letters) is often, but not always, an ideological position. It can also be practical. How can you collaborate on closed-source code?

As for freeware ("free as in beer"), some people do it to advertise their skills or as a taster, to encourage people to buy a more full-featured program. I have a freeware video converter which prompts me to install browser toolbars every time I use it. I don't use it often enough for this to annoy me.

Answer 2

My application is free because the service, which it is a client for, is free. I don't believe any of my users will expect to pay me for a service that they can get elsewhere for free...

Answer 3

People give away software because it makes them feel good to give away software. Maybe they could sell it, maybe they couldn't. Who cares? It's their time, they own it, and if it makes them happy to donate some of their time, how is that any different than giving money to charity?

Different things make different people happy for different reasons because they're different people with different priorities.

As for this being bad for the business of software... ultimately, all software can be had for free. ALL software. So if your business model (to paraphrase Cory Doctorow) depends solely on your bits not being copied, you've got a problem to start with.

The fact is, people do pay for software, and large companies pay hundreds of thousands of dollars for software, because they have special requirements and need a custom solution. That market, the market for programmers, isn't going anywhere.

Answer 4

Your question has several assumptions I'd challenge:

• The existence of free software diminishes the ability to make money.
• The existence of free software inures customers to the cost of programming time.
• Creators of free software invest their time and energy into these projects with no thought of later commercial gain.
• Creators of free software have no reason to support their work; conversely, commercial software has an assumed high level of support for the very reasons you state (new OS, in your example).

However, to directly answer your question, I think it'd be safe to say the motivation for some is they simply wish to create a thing. Actually /selling/ the project is an exercise outside of programming and creation, and a work unto its own; sometimes programmers just wanna program. That statement doesn't mean that the quality of software or community support will be any better or worse than commercial software, but it does instill in me a greater instinctual regard for the product.

Answer 5

Intrinsic Motivation.

I make things based on ideas that are worth a lot of money, laser projectors, custom-programmable lighting products for homes, modified video game systems which is a business in itself (windows, JTAGs, lights, painting, repairs, etc), and I give away my designs and detail my methods for all to see. I don't care about money, I care about creating, and hope that others can gain something from my creations.

When programming, I don't care if people want to buy my product and I can make millions of dollars. If they are able to encode a better video through a plugin in meGUI, or Open Office allows a person in a third-world nation to type a paper for a better education, I'm happy.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intrinsic_motivation

Answer 6

A theory in psychology: Maslow's hierarchy of needs, money is NOT enough for a human being.

• Esteem: Programmers need more respect of others out of company, they need to be praised as "wow, It must be a talented programmer!".

• Self-actualization: They may not write their favorite code as they want in company's project. So they write their code with own styles and design and publish them. During the process, they are project leaders, architects and bosses:)

Answer 7

FREE is easy, no pressure, no tensions (marketing, legal, support, finances, ..).

I will go with an ad based approach if my app is something server related (hosting content and stuff can cost a lot of money). Ads can fetch some money if not lots but it definitely covers server/maintenance costs.

I don't have to deal with bad bad pirates!

Good Karma!

Answer 8

I'm in love with coding! I really feel excellent when I think of somebody who's using my applications around the world. This was the first reason for my free applications. I should confess that I make a living with programming, besides I love producing free applications.

Answer 9

I tried my hand at selling a product that made working with Access SQL much easier, fun even...

I have a few dedicated users who love it, but it has not made me "loads of cash". I am now considering setting up a blog and offering it for free. As I no longer work with Access (ASP.NET MVC now), it doesn't hurts me and why not give back to the community that got me going?

Tech support has been hell, writing the installation was not my core skill, so on and so forth. Collecting money was as simple as using PayPal, so don't see that as an issue.

So my motivation is giving back to the community. I write articles for the same reason (for example, 4guysfromrolla.com), but with a lot of these websites getting bought up, it is probably time to set up my own blog. Money? A bit of advertising, maybe. Or selling my collection of short stories on Amazon.co.uk (The Kingfisher and other stories, by Andrew Wrigley)...

And yes, being loved. Money can't buy that, can it?

Answer 10

The customer wants - and pays for - solution, not software. If you want to see your customer satisfied, you should do a lot of customization work for him/her, not just throwing the software install CDs into his/her PO Box.

Even big software companies, who sell licences at horrible prices, provide (I mean: sell) additional services beyond the licences. From a tight angle, open source looks like a co-operation of smaller software companies to minimize development costs and set licence fees to zero. It looks like a win-win situation for the software company and the customer.

Answer 11

There are several reasons for making software available for free. It could be, that the software is only written to produce something else - making the source free, offers the opportunity to incorporate bug fixes and features by third parties without having to pay them, while you can get money out of what you produce with that software. See "The Cathedral and the Bazaar".

Another reason is that you write the program for fun and/or training and getting comments on your code by peers or even more capable persons than yourself might be more important than earning money - in this case, selling the software for a profit wouldn't be profitable at all.

And there's the third option of high skill linked with high self-esteem, where you take the route of Tarn and Zach Adams and make a living off the donations you get. Dwarf Fortress (programmed by Tarn Adams) is available for free, yet receives thousands of dollars in donations per month.

Answer 12

I think because every programmer has the appetite to program and to satisfy that they make an application but once they made it they want recognition and that's why they make them free :) Just like I have written tutorials for free. :)

Answer 13

Well, I post some source code to my website (at the moment, terribly outdated). In part, it is sort of a portfolio idea.

I would be very happy to sell my software for scads of cash if I had a decent product idea that some open source junkie couldn't clone and give away. Since those kinds of products are pretty hard to do solo or with a few other people, I decided a few years ago that the embedded systems/hardware market was a more financially sustainable career, and today I am happily working in a cubicle at a embedded systems company helping create ultra-high-reliability systems that make the world a better place.

Also, business - real business that pays all your bills - is hard to do right by yourself, in general. If you don't want to take that risk or deal with the hassle, it might be easier to simply give it away and keep the day job and just make small programs as a hobby.

Answer 14

If you produce closed source, paid software, it's likely that you had to pay for libraries and other gimmicks to develop your product. What you earn must be subtracted of the amount of money you spent in developing that product, not only the time. This leaves a very small net income.

If you use open source free products, you didn't spend any money to use them, but you are also obligated (by some licenses) to reuse the same license for your software. You paid "in code", rather than "in money". It's a different economy, but it gives products anyway.

Answer 15

What are your best memories in life? are they receiving a paycheck? buying a new car? If they are I really feel bad for you. My favorite moments in life have to do with accomplishing something I set out to do, hitting a home-run, meeting a romantic interest. None of these things have a price tag on them or could.

To answer your question why would I spend my time developing software and releasing it for free? because maybe someone sees it and they think of a use for it I never could have imagined, then they integrate it in their system and produce an entirely new use for it. Discovering something new is priceless , think of the first time you saw a computer. incredible. You would want to be a part of this.

If you put a price on everything , then not everyone can use it, people wont use what they don't know in their designing of a new concept, nothing new is ever created, or does so extremely slow.

Think of software as information, in a way that's really all that it is, 1's and 0's. Information is free, broadcast on televisions, radios, websites, etc. Why do we do this? so everyone knows whats going on, so we can all decide what to do next. if we aren't on the same page, we can't come up with the right solution. Nobody ever made anything that was truly great with a paycheck in mind. People do things to improve life, because they want to challenge themselves and create something they can be proud of.

Answer 16

Because we simply want to. If you spent hours making a 3d game of tetris in OpenGL, you probably did it as a labour of love and had a lot of fun doing it. You didn't do it for money, that didn't even enter into the thought process. The challenge and accomplishment was it's own reward, something more challenging and fun.

I didn't want to make money off of this. It's like saying why should I share my thoughts on SO when I can sell them in a book?

Answer 17

Often when programming I find myself with an idea that I can't get out of my head. Something that I just need to do. So I'll code it - I go into a "state" where I can visualize everything that needs to happen and I wind up creating something. The tool had to be made, but after the initial "burst" I'm a bit exhausted.

In the end though, the tool doesn't really "live" until it has people using it and enjoying it. Like a short story or a play or a move or whatever. So ... give it away and hope it enriches the lives of others.

From there though, maybe another person likes the tool and adds something to it. Then the tool takes on a life of its own.

I can speak for everyone, but a lot of the big open source / free projects seem to have that going on.

There's also the fact that there can be a lot of money made by giving away a free product. Google, Facebook and Zynga are prime examples of "free" software that finds money somehow. If you'd prefer a more concrete example (actual software) look at a company like "Red Hat" - Linux is free, they make money teaching people how to use it.

Answer 18

One word. "Taxes". Our tax system is so bizarre and painful to deal with that any things I do on the side I just throw out there for free. I don't have the time and energy to fight with all the taxation issues that come up from selling. Selling software would become a net loss for me.

Answer 19

I can understand giving away segments of code for free to help others. However, fully made systems that compete with small to mid size companies trying to get off of the ground, offering support, where the open source counterpart does not and the 'go f yourself attitude' as stated above, I don't understand.

I could see systems built by these sections of code, snapped together like legos. However, then we're creating the atmosphere of software at your own risk, thus lowering the overall trust of our profession by the consumer.

Personally, the whole 'I make enough money at my job so I don't care' argument baffles me. I make a fair wage but am not well off enough to start my own philanthropic organization.

Answer 20

Here's another perspective that I did not see in any of the given answers already.

Do you drive a car? I think most people in this country do, and yet the vast majority don't get paid for driving. In fact, they pay quite a bit for it: the car, the fuel, the repairs, the insurance, the registration, and so on.

Everything you said about writing software also applies to driving. I see people on the highway and think, these people are crazy! You can earn money for driving but instead they do it for free.

And I don't just mean you can be a race car driver, though that's obviously a pretty cool way to do it. For under $100 you can register as a commercial vehicle and legally take paying passengers in your car. (Imaging pulling up to a bus stop and offering to take 3 people downtown for $1 each -- they save money, you make money, you were going that direction anyway. In a month you've paid off the license fee.)

Do you not like people paying you money? Are you not confident enough in your driving? Are you afraid they're going to start calling you at home?

The real answer is probably that it's a hassle, and unless you plan to start a taxi company, you won't make that much money off it, so it's not really worth the trouble. Sounds pretty much like software to me.

This isn't unique to driving, either. Every day everybody does a thousand things which somewhere, somebody gets paid to do. Taste coffee? Clean a bathroom? Listen to music and give your opinion of it? Ride a bicycle? Have sex? Yup, every one of these can be a paying occupation, and in every city in the country people (suckers!) are doing these things for free, or even paying to do them. That's crazy. That's life.

Answer 21

There are other ways to make money than to charge directly for the software. Facebook is free software, but it brings in millions.

Answer 22

Because I don't like to write support documents along with application /software. Maybe some company like it, buy it and land me a job.

Answer 23

I'm not a professional developer (and I'm far from being a decent developer at all), but, among other things, selling (money involved) a buggy product would concern me so much. Besides, I don't think free software breaks more often than paid software (we all know some examples of this).

And finally, in my humble opinion there are plenty of business models that can be followed to earn money without charging for the software. I'm sure that 40 answers take good care about that.

Answer 24

Well I offered my apps for a long time as freeware. Simply because I didn't believe people would pay money for my apps or that I wouldn't sell more than a handful apps a month so the extra work of implementing payment processing, etc. seemed pointless to me.

I guess that's how many people think. They rather give their products away than to try to sell them.

Luckily one year ago I tried out selling one of my apps and was pleasantly surprised.

Answer 25

Econ 101 - In a perfect market of infinite suppliers and sellers with no asymmetry of information the price for a product is solely dictated by the value of a person's time.

Answer 26

A good example for distributing a software free and open source: The Kinect for XBox stuff.

Some programmers started to use it as a device on their PC's and programmed some code, many other programmers were able to use that code and develop it further with many other ideas. If the initial programmer would closed the code and put it on for sale, it would have NEVER grown that fast.

Answer 27

There's also the fact that you get a sort of gratification knowing you're helping people do something that they themselves couldn't. By making it free, you're also making it obtainable and easy to share; essentially, you're building a name for yourself, with people who trust you. Lastly, it could be a sort of belief thing. You could be programming because you believe things should "be" a certain way. Take the jailbreaking community, for example. The programmers and hackers in the iPhone Dev Team spend a good bit of time looking for exploits and creating programs that use them. They could make tons of money by charging a few bucks for the jailbreaking programs they've created, but they don't.

There's also the threat that if you don't make it free, someone else will.

Answer 28

Two words, Advertising Revenue.

Answer 29

Most of what I have released for free has been tools. Useful tools that I use for multiple clients. Had I written any of those tools for a specific client, and charged them for the development, I would not be able to use those tools at other clients.

I am able to charge for the time to implement those tools at other clients, and in doing so I have made back multiple times over what I would have made just writing those tools as a project for hire.

Answer 30

I was attracted to writing software for the sheer joy of creativity. Although my contributions have been humble and unimportant, my giving has always been a manifestation of that perspective.