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You need metadata

In order for a user to be able to add custom card types that may or may not have specific business rules or behavior, the user must be able to specify whether the behavior applies, and you need to be able to store it.

So you will need a metadata table, sort of like this:

CREATE TABLE CardTypes
(
    Code Char(4),
    Description VarChar(40),
    RequiresFooProcesser bit
)

You would then initialize the table with your default card types. In this example, the Visa card requires the FooProcessor, but the Amex doesn't.

INSERT CardTypes ( 'VISA','Standard VISA card', 1 )
INSERT CardTypes ( 'AMEX','Standard American Express', 0 )

Handling use cases dynamically

When a user enters a new card type, you expose a UI that lets them specify the card type code and tick a checkbox telling the application whether the magic FooProcessor is required. You then store the card type code, the description, and the flag that tells the system whether the FooProcessor is required.

When a user enters a new card, the UI asks the user to select the card type from a list populated from the metadata table.

When it is time to process the card, you change this code:

//Old
if (card.Type == CardType.Visa)  //Check enum
{
    RunFooProcessor(card);
}

...to...

//New
var cardType = dbContext.CardTypes.Single( c => c.Code == card.Type );
if (cardType.RequiresFooProcessor)  //Check flag
{
    RunFooProcessor(card);
}

This elimlinates the need to check for specific enum values or specific card types; instead, you check for a flag that is assigned to the card type at run time.